SMART HELMET

The Smart Helmet project enhances motorcycle safety by integrating advanced sensor technology with an Arduino Uno microcontroller. It addresses critical aspects of rider safety through real-time monitoring and activation mechanisms.

Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
• Pulse sensor module
• Touch sensor
• LEDs (Red and white)
• Resistors
• Relay module (to represent a bike starting circuit)

Circuit Connections:

1. Pulse Sensor: Connects to Arduino analog pin A3 for pulse rate detection.
2. Touch Sensor: Connected to Arduino digital pin 2 with internal pull-up resistor.
3. LEDs:
   • Red LED (warning) connected to pin 5.
   • White LED (bike start indication) connected to pin 6.
4. Relay Module: Connects to Arduino digital pin 3.

The circuit diagram is given below:

Working:

The pulse sensor, positioned on the helmet’s belt, continuously monitors the wearer’s pulse rate. When the helmet is securely fastened, indicating safety compliance, the pulse sensor detects and sends pulse data to the Arduino Uno.

Simultaneously, the touch sensor, integrated into the helmet’s surface, detects taps. To start the motorcycle, the rider must tap the touch sensor three times consecutively. This action triggers the Arduino Uno to initiate the bike’s ignition sequence, ensuring deliberate activation for enhanced safety.

The code is given below:

// Define pin numbers for components
const int pulseSensorPin = A3;   // Pulse sensor connected to analog pin A0
const int touchSensorPin = 2;    // Touch sensor connected to digital pin 2
const int startLedPin = 6;       // LED for indicating bike start status
//const int pulseDetectedLedPin = 8; // LED for indicating pulse detected status
const int warningLedPin = 5;     // Red LED for warning when belt is not buckled
const int BikeEngine = 3;     //Use a relay module to represent the bike engine

// Variables
int pulseThreshold = 50;         // Adjust this threshold as per your pulse sensor readings
int pulseValue = 0;              // Variable to store pulse sensor readings
bool pulseDetected = false;      // Flag to indicate if pulse is detected
bool helmetBuckled = false;      // Flag to indicate if helmet is buckled
bool bikeStarted = false;        // Flag to indicate if bike is started by touching sensor

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);           // Initialize serial communication for debugging
  pinMode(touchSensorPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set touch sensor pin as input with internal pull-up resistor
  pinMode(startLedPin, OUTPUT);  // Set start LED pin as output
 //pinMode(pulseDetectedLedPin, OUTPUT); // Set pulse detected LED pin as output
  pinMode(warningLedPin, OUTPUT); // Set warning LED pin as output
  pinMode(BikeEngine, OUTPUT);
  // Additional setup code for sensors, if required
}

void loop() {
  // Read pulse sensor value
  pulseValue = analogRead(pulseSensorPin);
  
  // Check if helmet is buckled
  helmetBuckled = digitalRead(touchSensorPin) == LOW;  // Touch sensor is active low
  
  // Check if pulse is detected
  if (pulseValue > pulseThreshold) {
    pulseDetected = true;
  } else {
    pulseDetected = false;
  }
  
  // Blink red warning LED if helmet is not buckled
  if (!helmetBuckled) {
    digitalWrite(warningLedPin, HIGH);  // Turn on warning LED
    delay(500);                         // Blink delay
    digitalWrite(warningLedPin, LOW);   // Turn off warning LED
    delay(500);                         // Blink delay
  }
  
  // Logic for controlling bike start based on conditions
  if (helmetBuckled && !bikeStarted && pulseDetected) {
    digitalWrite(BikeEngine, HIGH);     // Turn on the relay to show bike has started 
    digitalWrite(startLedPin, HIGH);   // Turn on start LED
    bikeStarted = true;                // Set bike started flag
  } else if (!helmetBuckled || !pulseDetected) {
    digitalWrite(BikeEngine, LOW);     // Ensure the bike is not started if pulse si not detected
    digitalWrite(startLedPin, LOW);    // Turn off start LED
    bikeStarted = false;               // Reset bike started flag
  }
  
  // Visual indication of pulse detection
 /* if (pulseDetected) {
    digitalWrite(pulseDetectedLedPin, HIGH); // Turn on pulse detected LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(pulseDetectedLedPin, LOW);  // Turn off pulse detected LED
  }*/
  
  // Check for touch sensor input to start the bike
  checkTouchSensor();
  
  // Serial monitor output for debugging (optional)
  Serial.print("Pulse Value: ");
  Serial.println(pulseValue);
  Serial.print("Helmet Buckled: ");
  Serial.println(helmetBuckled);
  
  delay(100);  // Delay for stability, adjust as necessary
}

// Function to check touch sensor input for bike start
void checkTouchSensor() {
  static int touchCount = 0;  // Static variable to count touches
  
  if (digitalRead(touchSensorPin) == LOW) {
    // Touch sensor is active low
    touchCount++;
    
    // Delay to debounce and prevent multiple counts for a single touch
    delay(50);
  }
  
  if (touchCount >= 3) {
    // If touched 3 times consecutively
    bikeStarted = false;    // Reset bike started flag to require pulse detection again
    touchCount = 0;         // Reset touch count
    
    // Additional actions to start the bike here
    // For example, activate a relay or send a start signal
    digitalWrite(startLedPin, HIGH);   // Turn on start LED
    
    // Delay to stabilize the start action
    delay(1000);
    
    // Ensure bike started flag is set after successful start
    bikeStarted = true;
  }
}

Features of the Project:

• Safety Enhancement: Ensures the helmet is correctly fastened before allowing bike start.
• User Interaction: Requires intentional taps on the helmet for bike activation.
• Real-time Monitoring: Continuously monitors pulse rate for rider safety

Application:

Motorcycle Safety Systems:

• Enhances overall motorcycle safety by ensuring that the rider is wearing the helmet properly before starting the bike.
• Reduces the risk of head injuries by promoting consistent helmet use.

Commuter and Delivery Services:

• Ideal for companies with delivery personnel, ensuring that their employees adhere to safety protocols and reduce the risk of accidents.

Personal Safety for Riders:

• Provides individual riders with an additional safety layer, particularly useful for long-distance and high-speed travel.
• Alerts riders immediately if the helmet is not properly secured, helping to prevent accidents due to negligence.