ROBOTICS CONCEPT IN REAL WORLD

A Bluetooth-controlled car that can be operated through a smartphone app offers a fascinating project combining multiple technological domains, including wireless communication, sensor integration, machine learning, and image processing. This advanced vehicle includes temperature and humidity sensors, obstacle detection capabilities, and a sophisticated image processing system for enhanced safety.

Key Components and Technologies:

1. Bluetooth Module:
   • Enables wireless communication between the car and a smartphone app.
   • Commonly used module: HC-05 or HC-06.
2. Microcontroller:
   • Acts as the brain of the car, processing inputs from sensors and commands from the smartphone.
   • Commonly used microcontroller: Arduino Uno or ESP32 (which also has built-in Bluetooth).
3. Motor Driver:
   • Controls the motors based on signals from the microcontroller.
   • Commonly used driver: L298N or L293D.
4. DC Motors and Wheels:
   • Provide mobility to the car.
   • Controlled by the motor driver for forward, backward, left, and right movements.
5. Temperature and Humidity Sensors:
   • Measure the environmental conditions.
   • Commonly used sensor: DHT11 or DHT22.
6. Ultrasonic Sensors:
   • Detect obstacles and measure the distance to them.
   • Commonly used sensor: HC-SR04.
7. Camera Module:
   • Captures images or video for processing.
   • Commonly used camera: ESP32-CAM or Raspberry Pi Camera Module.
8. Machine Learning and Image Processing:
   • Analyzes images to recognize objects, signs, or potential hazards.
   • Implemented using frameworks like TensorFlow, OpenCV, or pre-trained models.

Working Principle:

1. Bluetooth Communication:
   • The smartphone app sends control commands via Bluetooth to the microcontroller.
   • The microcontroller decodes these commands and controls the motor driver to move the car accordingly.
2. Sensor Data Collection:
   • The temperature and humidity sensors continuously monitor the environmental conditions and send data to the microcontroller.
   • The ultrasonic sensors scan for obstacles and report distances to the microcontroller.
3. Obstacle Avoidance:
   • When an obstacle is detected within a predefined distance, the microcontroller commands the car to stop or change direction to avoid a collision.
4. Image Processing and Machine Learning:
   • The camera module captures real-time video or images.
   • The microcontroller or an attached processing unit (like a Raspberry Pi) processes these images to detect objects or hazards using machine learning models.
   • Based on the processed data, the microcontroller can make decisions to enhance vehicle safety, such as stopping for pedestrians or recognizing traffic signs.

char t;
 
void setup() {
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);   //left motors  forward
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);   //left motors reverse
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);   //right  motors forward
pinMode(10,OUTPUT);   //right motors reverse
pinMode(9,OUTPUT);   //Led
Serial.begin(9600);
 
}
 
void loop() {
if(Serial.available()){
  t = Serial.read();
  Serial.println(t);
}
 
if(t == 'F'){            //move  forward(all motors rotate in forward direction)
  digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}
 
else if(t == 'B'){      //move reverse (all  motors rotate in reverse direction)
  digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
}
  
else if(t == 'L'){      //turn right (left side motors rotate in forward direction,  right side motors doesn't rotate)
  digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
}
 
else  if(t == 'R'){      //turn left (right side motors rotate in forward direction, left  side motors doesn't rotate)
  digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
}

else if(t ==  'W'){    //turn led on or off)
  digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
}
else if(t == 'w'){
  digitalWrite(9,LOW);
}
 
else if(t == 'S'){      //STOP (all motors stop)
  digitalWrite(13,LOW);
  digitalWrite(12,LOW);
  digitalWrite(11,LOW);
  digitalWrite(10,LOW);
}
delay(100);
}